Microcontroller driving a Joule Thief circuit

Description: This example demonstrates the PWM (pulse-width modulation) output of a microcontroller controlling a Joule Thief style voltage booster to power a white LED.

The circuit described utilizes a microcontroller to generate a PWM signal, which is an effective method for controlling the brightness of an LED. The Joule Thief is a simple DC-DC converter that steps up low voltage inputs, making it suitable for applications where battery life is crucial, such as powering LEDs from a single AA or AAA battery.

In this configuration, the microcontroller outputs a PWM signal that modulates the duty cycle, thereby controlling the average power delivered to the Joule Thief circuit. The Joule Thief typically consists of a few key components: a transistor, an inductor, a diode, and a capacitor. The transistor acts as a switch, turning on and off rapidly in response to the PWM signal. The inductor stores energy when the transistor is on and releases it to the output when the transistor turns off, effectively boosting the voltage to a level sufficient to power the white LED.

The diode in the circuit ensures that the current flows in one direction, preventing backflow into the Joule Thief circuit. The capacitor helps to smooth out the output voltage, providing a stable power supply to the LED. By adjusting the PWM frequency and duty cycle, the brightness of the LED can be finely tuned, allowing for dynamic control based on user input or environmental conditions.

Overall, this schematic illustrates an efficient method of driving an LED using minimal power while maximizing brightness through the clever use of PWM and a Joule Thief voltage booster.In this example we have the PWM (pulse-width modulation) output of the microcontroller driving a Joule Thief style voltage booster to run the white LED.