16F83

PIC16F83 Technical Summary

Overview

The PIC16F83 is an 8-bit CMOS microcontroller from Microchip Technology featuring Flash program memory and EEPROM data memory. This device belongs to Microchip's mid-range PIC microcontroller family, offering enhanced core features with only 35 instructions to learn. The PIC16F83 is particularly notable for its fully static design, low power consumption, and wide operating voltage range, making it suitable for various embedded control applications.

Key advantages of the PIC16F83 include its simple programming model, efficient instruction set, and reliable performance. The device incorporates a RISC architecture with a two-stage instruction pipeline that enables most instructions to execute in a single cycle (400 ns at 10 MHz).

Features

• High-Performance RISC CPU:
  • Only 35 single-word instructions to learn
  • All instructions single-cycle except for program branches (which take two cycles)
  • Operating speed: DC - 10 MHz clock input, DC - 400 ns instruction cycle
  • Interrupt capability
  • 8-level deep hardware stack
• Peripheral Features:
  • 13 I/O pins with individual direction control
  • High current sink/source for direct LED drive
  • 8-bit Timer/Counter (TMR0) with 8-bit prescaler
• Special Microcontroller Features:
  • 1,000 erase/write cycle Flash program memory
  • 1,000,000 erase/write cycle EEPROM data memory
  • Data EEPROM retention > 40 years
  • Power-on Reset (POR)
  • Power-up Timer (PWRT) and Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
  • Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator
  • Programmable code protection
  • Power saving SLEEP mode
  • Selectable oscillator options
• CMOS Technology:
  • Low power, high speed CMOS Flash/EEPROM technology
  • Wide operating voltage range: 2.0V to 5.5V
  • Low power consumption:
    • < 2 mA typical @ 5V, 4 MHz
    • 20 μA typical @ 3V, 32 kHz
    • < 1 μA typical standby current

Applications

The PIC16F83 is suitable for a wide range of embedded control applications including:

• Consumer electronics (remote controls, appliances, toys)
• Automotive systems (sensors, small control modules)
• Industrial control (sensors, actuators, small controllers)
• Security systems
• Peripheral control devices
• Smart sensors
• Battery-powered devices
• Custom logic replacements

Architectural Overview

The PIC16F83 features a Harvard architecture with separate program and data buses, allowing simultaneous access to program instructions and data memory. The architecture includes:

• Program Memory: 1K x 14-bit Flash memory
• Data Memory: 36 x 8-bit general purpose registers
• EEPROM Data Memory: 64 x 8-bit non-volatile memory
• Special Function Registers (SFRs): For control and status of all peripherals and core functions

Memory Organization

Program Memory Organization

The PIC16F83 has a 13-bit program counter capable of addressing an 8K x 14 program memory space. The actual implemented memory is 1K x 14 (0000h-03FFh). The reset vector is at 0000h and the interrupt vector is at 0004h.

Data Memory Organization

The data memory is partitioned into two areas:

• Special Function Registers (SFR): Located in the first 32 locations of each bank
• General Purpose Registers (GPR): The remaining locations provide data storage

The data memory is organized in banks containing 128 bytes each. The PIC16F83 implements two banks (Bank 0 and Bank 1).

EEPROM Data Memory

The 64 bytes of EEPROM data memory are addressable through the EEADR register and accessed via four special function registers:

• EEDATA - contains the 8-bit data for read/write
• EEADR - holds the address of the EEPROM location being accessed
• EECON1 - control register
• EECON2 - used in the write sequence

I/O Ports

The PIC16F83 features one bi-directional I/O port (Port B) with 8 pins and one 5-bit port (Port A). Each port pin has the following features:

• Individually configurable as input or output
• High sink/source capability (up to 25 mA sink max per pin)
• Weak internal pull-ups on Port B (programmable)
• Interrupt-on-change feature for Port B

Timer0 Module

The Timer0 module is an 8-bit timer/counter with the following features:

• 8-bit timer/counter register (TMR0)
• Readable and writable
• 8-bit software programmable prescaler
• Internal or external clock select
• Interrupt on overflow from FFh to 00h
• Edge select for external clock

Electrical Characteristics

Absolute Maximum Ratings

• Supply Voltage (VDD): -0.3V to +7.5V
• Input Voltage (VIN): -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
• Storage Temperature: -65°C to +150°C
• Operating Temperature: -40°C to +85°C (industrial)

DC Characteristics

• Operating Voltage Range: 2.0V to 5.5V
• Power-on Reset Voltage: ~1.5V (typical)
• Input Low Voltage: 0.15 VDD (max)
• Input High Voltage: 0.25 VDD (min)
• I/O Pin Leakage: ±1 μA (max)

AC Characteristics

• Instruction Cycle Time: 4Tosc (400 ns @ 10 MHz)
• Timer0 Clock Frequency: DC to 50 MHz
• Reset Pulse Width: 2 μs (min)
• Watchdog Timer Period: 18 ms (nominal)

Package Information

The PIC16F83 is available in the following packages:

• 18-pin PDIP (Plastic Dual In-line Package):
  • Dimensions: 22.86mm x 6.35mm body
  • Lead pitch: 2.54mm
• 18-pin SOIC (Small Outline IC):
  • Dimensions: