Light Sequencer schematic
#light sequencer
#discrete components
#transistors
#capacitors
#Christmas lights
#multistage
#base current
#5 volts
#200mA
Description: The drawing below illustrates a multistage light sequencer using discrete parts and no integrated circuits. The idea is not new and I hear a similar circuit was developed about 40 years ago using germanium transistors. The idea is to connect the lights so that as one turns off it causes the next to turn on, and so forth. This is accomplished with a large capacitor between each stage that charges when a stage turns off and supplies base current to the next transistor, thus turning it on. Any number of stages can be used and the drawing below illustrates 3 small Christmas lights running at about 5 volts and 200mA. The circuit may need to be manually started when power is applied. To start it, connect a momentary short across any one of the capacitors and then remove the short. You could use a manual push button to do this.
Assuming the circuit does not start when power is applied and all lights are off with all three capacitors charged to approximately 5 volts, a jumper can be connected across the 220µF capacitor on the left. This action discharges the capacitor, turning on the second stage transistor and the corresponding light. Once the jumper is removed, the capacitor will begin to charge through the base of the stage 2 transistor and the stage 1 light. This charging process allows the stage 2 transistor to remain in the 'on' state while the capacitor continues to charge.
Simultaneously, the capacitor connecting stage 2 and stage 3 will discharge through a 100-ohm resistor and a diode, as well as through the stage 2 transistor. When the charging current through the capacitor falls below the threshold needed to keep stage 2 activated, the transistor and its associated light will turn off. This action causes the voltage at the collector of the stage 2 transistor to rise back to 5 volts. As the capacitor connecting stages 2 and 3 has discharged, the increase in voltage at the collector of the stage 2 transistor allows the capacitor from stage 2 to stage 3 to charge, thereby turning on the third stage and continuing the cycle for subsequent stages (4, 5, 6, 7, etc.) and eventually returning to stage 1.
The sequence rate of this light sequencer is determined by the values of the capacitors and resistors used (220µF and 100 ohms in this configuration), the load current (200mA), and the current gain of the specific transistors employed. This arrangement is capable of achieving approximately 120 complete cycles per minute for the three lights, translating to a duration of about 167 milliseconds per light. Adjusting the capacitor values can yield faster or slower sequencing rates, allowing for customization based on specific application requirements.The drawing below illustrates a multistage light sequencer using descrete parts and no integrated circuits. The idea is not new and I hear a similar circuit was developed about 40 years ago using germanium transistors.
The idea is to connect the lights so that as one turns off it causes the next to turn on, and so forth. This is accomplished with a large capacitor between each stage that charges when a stage turns off and supplies base current to the next transistor, thus turning it on.
Any number of stages can be used and the drawing below illustrates 3 small Christmas lights running at about 5 volts and 200mA. The circuit may need to be manually started when power is applied. To start it, connect a momentary short across any one of the capacitors and then remove the short. You could use a manual push button to do this. Detailed operation: Assume the circuit doesn't start when power is applied amd all lights are off and all three capacitors are charged to about 5 volts. We connect a jumper across the 220uF capacitor on the left which discharges the capacitor and turns on the 2nd stage transistor and corresponding light.
When the jumper is removed, the capacitor will start charging through the base of the stage 2 transistor and stage 1 light. This causes the stage 2 transistor to remain on while the capacitor continues to charge. At the same time, the capacitor connecting stage 2 and 3 will discharge through the 100 ohm resistor and diode and stage 2 transistor.
When the capacitor charging current falls below what is needed to keep stage 2 turned on, the transistor and light will turn off causing the voltage at the collector of the stage 2 transistor to rise to 5 volts. Since the capacitor connecting stage 2 and 3 has discharged and the voltage rises at the collector of stage 2, the capacitor from stage 2 and 3 will charge causing the 3rd stage to turn on and the cycle repeats for sucessive stages 4,5,6,7....
and back to 1. The sequence rate is determined by the capacitor and resistor values (220uF and 100 ohms in this case), load current (200mA in this case), and current gain of the particular transistor used. This arrangement runs at about 120 complete cycles per minute for 3 lights, or about 167mS per light.
Faster or slower rates can be obtained with different capacitor values.
Assuming the circuit does not start when power is applied and all lights are off with all three capacitors charged to approximately 5 volts, a jumper can be connected across the 220µF capacitor on the left. This action discharges the capacitor, turning on the second stage transistor and the corresponding light. Once the jumper is removed, the capacitor will begin to charge through the base of the stage 2 transistor and the stage 1 light. This charging process allows the stage 2 transistor to remain in the 'on' state while the capacitor continues to charge.
Simultaneously, the capacitor connecting stage 2 and stage 3 will discharge through a 100-ohm resistor and a diode, as well as through the stage 2 transistor. When the charging current through the capacitor falls below the threshold needed to keep stage 2 activated, the transistor and its associated light will turn off. This action causes the voltage at the collector of the stage 2 transistor to rise back to 5 volts. As the capacitor connecting stages 2 and 3 has discharged, the increase in voltage at the collector of the stage 2 transistor allows the capacitor from stage 2 to stage 3 to charge, thereby turning on the third stage and continuing the cycle for subsequent stages (4, 5, 6, 7, etc.) and eventually returning to stage 1.
The sequence rate of this light sequencer is determined by the values of the capacitors and resistors used (220µF and 100 ohms in this configuration), the load current (200mA), and the current gain of the specific transistors employed. This arrangement is capable of achieving approximately 120 complete cycles per minute for the three lights, translating to a duration of about 167 milliseconds per light. Adjusting the capacitor values can yield faster or slower sequencing rates, allowing for customization based on specific application requirements.The drawing below illustrates a multistage light sequencer using descrete parts and no integrated circuits. The idea is not new and I hear a similar circuit was developed about 40 years ago using germanium transistors.
The idea is to connect the lights so that as one turns off it causes the next to turn on, and so forth. This is accomplished with a large capacitor between each stage that charges when a stage turns off and supplies base current to the next transistor, thus turning it on.
Any number of stages can be used and the drawing below illustrates 3 small Christmas lights running at about 5 volts and 200mA. The circuit may need to be manually started when power is applied. To start it, connect a momentary short across any one of the capacitors and then remove the short. You could use a manual push button to do this. Detailed operation: Assume the circuit doesn't start when power is applied amd all lights are off and all three capacitors are charged to about 5 volts. We connect a jumper across the 220uF capacitor on the left which discharges the capacitor and turns on the 2nd stage transistor and corresponding light.
When the jumper is removed, the capacitor will start charging through the base of the stage 2 transistor and stage 1 light. This causes the stage 2 transistor to remain on while the capacitor continues to charge. At the same time, the capacitor connecting stage 2 and 3 will discharge through the 100 ohm resistor and diode and stage 2 transistor.
When the capacitor charging current falls below what is needed to keep stage 2 turned on, the transistor and light will turn off causing the voltage at the collector of the stage 2 transistor to rise to 5 volts. Since the capacitor connecting stage 2 and 3 has discharged and the voltage rises at the collector of stage 2, the capacitor from stage 2 and 3 will charge causing the 3rd stage to turn on and the cycle repeats for sucessive stages 4,5,6,7....
and back to 1. The sequence rate is determined by the capacitor and resistor values (220uF and 100 ohms in this case), load current (200mA in this case), and current gain of the particular transistor used. This arrangement runs at about 120 complete cycles per minute for 3 lights, or about 167mS per light.
Faster or slower rates can be obtained with different capacitor values.
motorola hi fi power
The first step is to measure the amplification factor of the end transistors (T3 and T4), known as the hfe. If their difference exceeds 30%, the amplifier will produce unclear sound. In this case, MJ3001 and MJ2501 transistors were used,...
basic oscillator circuit using two
This schematic diagram represents a basic oscillator circuit utilizing two transistors. When the transistors and several passive components are connected as illustrated, the circuit begins to oscillate. The oscillation frequency can be modified by altering the values of either the...
Capacitors
Capacitor types, their uses, formulas for common capacitance calculations, descriptions of charge pumps, information on dielectric soakage, and how to repair.
Capacitors are essential components in electronic circuits, serving various functions depending on their type and application. The primary types of...
The CUSB-36R Christmas Light Circuit
This is the circuit diagram for the Comfile CUSB-36R Programmed Christmas Lights. If it is difficult to read, please contact me via email at [email protected], and I will provide a more detailed schematic. The Comfile CUSB-36R can either drive mains-powered...
Light Sequencer Circuit
The light sequencer employs two integrated circuits (ICs) and ten silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs) to create an alternating current (AC) sequencer. The first IC, a 555 timer, is configured as an astable multivibrator to generate clock pulses for the second IC....
how to build inexpensive frequency
Capacitors are major electronic components classified as passive components. They are extensively used in electronic circuits, and virtually no circuit can be constructed without these essential parts. The primary function of a capacitor is to block direct current (DC) while...
discussing output stage of square wave
The circuit includes 10K resistors at the bases of the transistors and 1K resistors at the collectors. It is essential to retain these components when relocating the transistors, as omitting the 10K resistors could result in transistor failure, and without...
intercom circuit with transistors
The key to avoiding instability (motor-boating) in a high-gain circuit is to power the speaker using a separate power supply. This circuit design allows for the connection of one or two additional stations. It is recommended to construct the circuit...
Discrete Voltage Regulator
The title of this article raises the question of why the extensive selection of fully integrated voltage regulators should be supplemented with a version built using discrete components. Specifically, what advantages does this circuit provide that the well-known three-terminal regulators...