Balanced Microphone Preamp

Description: The design consists of differential compound pairs of transistors with a common mode (floating) gain control connecting the emitters of the pair. The compound pairs of 2N4403 and BC549s are far more linear than any single transistor. The circuit is differential in and out and therefore requires a balanced to unbalanced buffer to give suitable output for the next signal stages of a channel in a mixing desk. This is provided by a high performance op-amp differential gain stage, which can be a TL071 or similar IC of your choice. The stage has a gain of six or 15 dB and that sets the maximum input level at about 1.5 volts rms before clipping. This equals an SPL of over 150dB with a typical microphone! Full gain is 1000 times or 60dB. Distortion is low to unmeasurable because it is below the noise level at high gains. The CMRR (Common Mode Rejection Ratio) is well over 60 dB and better than any available mic cable as far as hum rejection is concerned.

The circuit employs a differential amplifier configuration using compound transistor pairs, specifically the 2N4403 and BC549, to enhance linearity and minimize distortion. The differential input stage allows for the rejection of common-mode signals, making it particularly effective in environments with high electromagnetic interference. The emitters of the transistor pairs are connected to a common mode gain control, which enables adjustment of the overall gain while maintaining the differential nature of the circuit.

The output stage utilizes a high-performance operational amplifier, such as the TL071, configured as a differential gain stage. This op-amp is capable of providing a gain of either six or 15 dB, allowing for flexibility in signal amplification. The maximum input level is set at approximately 1.5 volts RMS, which corresponds to a sound pressure level (SPL) exceeding 150 dB when interfaced with a standard microphone. This characteristic makes the circuit suitable for professional audio applications where high dynamic range is critical.

With a total gain of 1000 times or 60 dB, the circuit demonstrates excellent performance characteristics, including low distortion levels that remain below the noise floor even at high gain settings. The Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) exceeds 60 dB, ensuring effective hum rejection superior to that of typical microphone cables. This design is ideal for use in mixing desks and other audio processing equipment, where maintaining signal integrity and minimizing noise are paramount.The design consists of differential compound pairs of transistors with a common mode (floating) gain control connecting the emitters of the pair. The compound pairs of 2N4403 and BC549s are far more linear than any single transistor. The circuit is differential in and out and therefore requires a balanced to unbalanced buffer to give suitable output for the next signal stages of a channel in a mixing desk.

This is provided by a high performance op-amp differential gain stage, which can be a TL071 or similar IC of your choice. The stage has a gain of six or 15 dB and that sets the maximum input level at about 1.5 volts rms before clipping.

This equals an SPL of over 150dB with a typical microphone! Full gain is 1000 times or 60dB. Distortion is low to unmeasurable because it is below the noise level at high gains. The CMRR (Common Mode Rejection Ratio) is well over 60 dB and better than any available mic cable as far as hum rejection is concerned. T